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NYS Senator Ruth Hassell-Thompson speaks on the Marriage Equality Bill
NYS Senator Ruth Hassell-Thompson Speaks on the Marriage Equality Bill on the Floor of the NYS Senate Chamber. Dec. 2, 2009
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Bill Hicks on Government
www.dedroidify.com http Rare Bill Hicks Clip A late-eighties Bill Hicks clip from some “video magazine” I’ve long since forgotten the name of (also on this tape was Butthole Surfers great “Texas Barbecue” video). The names have changed but the point remains: we are being fucked! Thank you petertvkill www.youtube.com www.dedroidify.com http
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Jan Lokpal bill and Government’s Lokpal bill – What is the difference?
Recently, Government of India has introduced in the Parliament the Lokpal bill, to address the corruption issues. The activists of India Against Corruption movement do not accept this Lokpal bill, as it does not meet their expecations. They have also prepared a Jan Lokpal bill. Dr Bhavana Upadyaya, an activist of India Against Corruption movement, explains the important differences between the Government’s bill and their Jan Lokpal bill.
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Senate Bill S 510 vote PASSED! – procedural vote passes 74-25
You are a criminal if you grow your own food in your own back yard according to the American Government. We’ve got government tyranny RT Please listen, this was put out two month ago. Be careful of those who come on here who oppose the information we are putting out. www.youtube.com Just found this, today 11/21/2010 Glenn Beck, a few government implants are coming on here trying to confuse your minds trying to tell us they have read the bill and it does not say what we said it is saying! Folks you can listen to these people who have sided with the government or you can trust your fellow citizens. We’ve read the bill and we know how deceitful our politicians, lawyers and news media are. Please listen. www.youtube.com
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Buffalo Bill
Buffalo Bill
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill)
Children
Four children, two of whom died young: Kit died of scarlet fever in April, 1876, and his daughter Orra died in 1880
William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (February 26, 1846 January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the American state of Iowa), near Le Claire. He was one of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in 1872.
Contents
1 Nickname and work life
2 Early years
3 Military service
3.1 Medal of Honor
4 Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
4.1 Irrigation
5 Life in Cody, Wyoming
6 Life in Staten Island, New York
7 Death
8 Legacy
9 In film and television
10 The false Italian pedigree
11 Buffalo Bill’s / defunct
12 Other Buffalo Bills
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
//
Nickname and work life
William Frederick Cody (“Buffalo Bill”) got his nickname after he undertook a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat. The nickname originally referred to Bill Comstock. Cody earned the nickname by killing 4,860 American Bison (commonly known as buffalo) in eight months (186768). He and Comstock eventually competed in a shooting match over the exclusive right to use the name, which Cody won.
In addition to his documented service as a soldier during the Civil War and as Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry during the Plains Wars, Cody claimed to have worked many jobs, including as a trapper, bullwhacker, “Fifty-Niner” in Colorado, a Pony Express rider in 1860, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and even a hotel manager, but it’s unclear which claims were factual and which were fabricated for purposes of publicity. He became world famous for his Wild West Shows.
Early years
William Cody at age 19
While giving an anti-slavery speech at the local trading post, his father so inflamed the supporters of slavery in the audience that they formed a mob and one of them stabbed him. Cody helped to drag his father to safety, although he never fully recovered from his injuries. The family was constantly persecuted by the supporters of slavery, forcing Isaac Cody to spend much of his time away from home. His enemies learned of a planned visit to his family and plotted to kill him on the way. Cody, despite his youth and the fact that he was ill, rode 30 miles (48 km) to warn his father. Cody’s father died in 1857 from complications from his stabbing.
After his father’s death, the Cody family suffered financial difficulties, and Cody, aged 11, took a job with a freight carrier as a “boy extra,” riding up and down the length of a wagon train, delivering messages. From here, he joined Johnston’s Army as an unofficial member of the scouts assigned to guide the Army to Utah to put down a falsely-reported rebellion by the Mormon population of Salt Lake City. According to Cody’s account in Buffalo Bill’s Own Story, the Utah War was where he first began his career as an “Indian fighter”.
Presently the moon rose, dead ahead of me; and painted boldly across its face was the figure of an Indian. He wore this war-bonnet of the Sioux, at his shoulder was a rifle pointed at someone in the river-bottom 30 feet (9 m) below; in another second he would drop one of my friends. I raised my old muzzle-loader and fired. The figure collapsed, tumbled down the bank and landed with a splash in the water. ‘What is it?’ called McCarthy, as he hurried back. ‘It’s over there in the water,’. ‘Hi!’ he cried. ‘Little Billy’s killed an Indian all by himself!’ So began my career as an Indian fighter.
At the age of 14, Cody was struck by gold fever, but on his way to the gold fields, he met an agent for the Pony Express. He signed with them and after building several way stations and corrals was given a job as a rider, which he kept until he was called home to his sick mother’s bedside.
Military service
circa 1875
After his mother recovered Cody wished to enlist as a soldier, but was refused for his age. He began working with a United States freight caravan which delivered supplies to Fort Laramie. In 1863 he enlisted as a teamster with the rank of Private in Company H, 7th Kansas Cavalry and served until discharged in 1865.
From 1868 until 1872 Cody was employed as a scout by the United States Army. Part of this time he spent scouting for Indians, and the remainder was spent gathering and killing bison for them and the Kansas Pacific Railroad. In January 1872 Cody was a scout for Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia’s highly publicized royal hunt.
Medal of Honor
Cody received a Medal of Honor in 1872 for “gallantry in action” while serving as a civilian scout for the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. In 1917, the U.S.Congressfter revising the standards for award of the medalevoked 911 medals previously awarded either to civilians, or for actions that would not warrant a Medal of Honor under the new higher standards. After Dr. Mary Edwards Walker’s medal was restored in 1977, other reviews began that led to Cody’s medallong with those given to four other civilian scoutseing re-instated on June 12, 1989.
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
The Wild West Show, 1890
In December 1872 Cody traveled to Chicago to make his stage debut with friend Texas Jack Omohundro in The Scouts of the Prairie, one of the original Wild West shows produced by Ned Buntline. During the 1873-74 season, Cody and Omohundro invited their friend James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok to join them in a new play called Scouts of the Plains.
The troupe toured for ten years and his part typically included an 1876 incident at the Warbonnet Creek where he claimed to have scalped a Cheyenne warrior, purportedly in revenge for the death of George Armstrong Custer.
It was the age of great showmen and traveling entertainers. Cody put together a new traveling show based on both of those forms of entertainment. In 1883 in the area of North Platte, Nebraska he founded “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West,” (despite popular misconception, the word “show” was not a part of the title) a circus-like attraction that toured annually.
In 1893 the title was changed to “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World”. The show began with a parade on horseback, with participants from horse-culture groups that included US and other military, American Indians, and performers from all over the world in their best attire. There were Turks, Gauchos, Arabs, Mongols and Georgians, among others, each showing their own distinctive horses and colorful costumes. Visitors to this spectacle could see main events, feats of skill, staged races, and sideshows. Many authentic western personalities were part of the show. For example Sitting Bull and a band of twenty braves appeared. Cody’s headline performers were well known in their own right. People like Annie Oakley and her husband Frank Butler put on shooting exhibitions along with the likes of Gabriel Dumont. Buffalo Bill and his performers would re-enact the riding of the Pony Express, Indian attacks on wagon trains, and stagecoach robberies. The show typically ended with a melodramatic re-enactment of Custer’s Last Stand in which Cody himself portrayed General Custer.
Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill, Montreal, QC, 1885
The profits from his show enabled him to purchase a 4,000-acre (16 km2) ranch near North Platte, Nebraska in 1886. Scout’s Rest Ranch included an eighteen-room mansion and a large barn for winter storage of the show’s livestock.
In 1887 he took the show to Britain in celebration of the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria. The show was staged in London before going on to Birmingham and then Salford near Manchester, where it stayed for five months. In 1889 the show toured Europe. In 1890 he met Pope Leo XIII. He set up an exhibition near the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893, which greatly contributed to his popularity, and also vexed the promoters of the fair. As noted in The Devil in the White City, he had been rebuffed in his request to be part of the fair, so he set up shop just to the west of the fairgrounds, drawing many of their patrons away. Since his show was not part of the fair, he was not obligated to pay the promoters any royalties, which they could have used to temper their financial problems.
Irrigation
Larry McMurtry, along with some historians such as RL Wilson, asserts that at the turn of the 20th century Buffalo Bill Cody was the most recognizable celebrity on earth. And yet, despite all of the recognition and appreciation Cody’s show brought for the Western and American Indian cultures, Buffalo Bill saw the American West change dramatically during his tumultuous life. Bison herds, which had once numbered in the millions, were now threatened with extinction. Railroads crossed the plains, barbed wire, and other types of fences divided the land for farmers and ranchers, and the once-threatening Indian tribes were now almost completely confined to reservations. Wyoming’s resources of coal, oil and natural gas were beginning to be exploited towards the end of his life.
Even the Shoshone River was dammed for hydroelectric power as well as for irrigation. In 1897 and 1899 Cody and his associates acquired from the State of Wyoming the right to take water from the Shoshone River to irrigate about 169,000 acres (680 km2) of land in the Big Horn Basin. They began developing a canal to carry water diverted from the river, but their plans did not include a water storage reservoir. Cody and his associates were unable to raise sufficient capital to complete their plan. Early in 1903 they joined with the Wyoming Board of Land Commissioners in urging the federal government to step in and help with irrigation development in the valley.
The Shoshone Project became one of the first federal water development projects undertaken by the newly formed Reclamation Service, later to become known as the Bureau of Reclamation. After Reclamation took over the project in 1903, investigating engineers recommended constructing a dam on the Shoshone River in the canyon west of Cody.
Construction of the Shoshone Dam started in 1905, a year after the Shoshone Project was authorized. Almost three decades after its construction, the name of the dam and reservoir was changed to Buffalo Bill Dam by an act of Congress to honor Cody.
Life in Cody, Wyoming
In 1895, William Cody was instrumental in the founding of Cody, the seat of Park County in northwestern Wyoming. The site where the community was established is now the Old Trail Town museum, which honors the traditions of Western life. Cody first passed through the region in the 1870s. He was so impressed by the development possibilities from irrigation, rich soil, grand scenery, hunting, and proximity to Yellowstone Park that he returned in the mid-1890s to start a town. He brought with him men whose names are still on street signs in Cody downtown area Beck, Alger, Rumsey, Bleistein and Salsbury. The town was incorporated in 1901.
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In November 1902, Cody opened the Irma Hotel in downtown Cody, a hotel named after his daughter. He envisioned a growing number of tourists coming to the town via the recently opened Burlington rail line. He expected that they would spend money at local business including the Irma Hotel. Cody also expected that they would proceed up the Cody Road along the North Fork of the Shoshone River to visit Yellowstone Park. To accommodate travelers along the Cody Road, Cody completed construction of the Wapiti Inn and Pahaska Tepee in 1905 and opened both to guests.
Cody also established the TE Ranch, which was located on the South Fork of the Shoshone River about thirty-five miles from Cody. When he acquired the TE property, he ordered the movement of Nebraska and South Dakota cattle to Wyoming. This new herd carried the TE brand. The late 1890s were relatively prosperous years for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and he used some of the profits to accumulate lands which were added to the TE holdings. Eventually Cody held around eight thousand acres (32 km) of private land for grazing operations and ran about a thousand head of cattle. He also operated a dude ranch, pack horse camping trips, and big game hunting business at and from the TE Ranch, on the South fork of the Shoshone River. In his spacious and comfortable ranch house he entertained notable guests from Europe and America.
Life in Staten Island, New York
Cody brought his “Wild West Show” to an area of Mariners Harbor called Erastina (named for Staten Island promoter Erastus Wiman) for two seasons from June to October in 1886 and again in 1887. During the winter of 1886, the show moved indoors to Madison Square Garden. His show, featuring Native Americans, trick riders, “the smallest cowboy” and sharpshooters (including Annie Oakley) is said to have drawn millions of visitors to the island.
His 1879 autobiography is titled The Life and Adventures of Buffalo Bill
Death
Buffalo Bill’s grave on Lookout Mountain in Colorado.
William F. Cody died of kidney failure on January 10, 1917, surrounded by family and friends at his sister’s house in Denver. Cody was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church the day before his death by Father Christopher Walsh of the Denver Cathedral. Upon the news of Cody’s death, he received tributes from King George V of the United Kingdom, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Imperial Germany, and President Woodrow Wilson. His funeral was in Denver at the Elks Lodge Hall. Wyoming Governor John B. Kendrick, a friend of Cody’s, led the funeral procession to the Elks Lodge.
Contrary to popular belief, Cody was not destitute, but his once great fortune had dwindled to under 0,000. Despite his request in an early will to be buried in Cody, Wyoming, a later will left his burial arrangements up to his wife Louisa. To this day, there is controversy as to where Cody should have been buried. According to the writer Larry McMurtry, Harry Tammen and Frederick Gilmer Bonfils of the Denver Post, who had strong-armed Cody into appearing in their Sells-Floto Circus, either “bullied or bamboozled the grieving Louisa” and had Cody buried in Colorado. This is consistent with an account by Gene Fowler, who wrote Cody’s obituary for the Post under direction from Tammen and Bonfils.
On June 3, 1917, Cody was buried on Colorado’s Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado, west of the city of Denver, on the edge of the Rocky Mountains, overlooking the Great Plains. His exact burial site was selected by his sister, Mrs. Mary Decker, while looking over the area accompanied by W.F.R. Mills, manager of the Denver Mountain Parks. In 1948 the Cody branch of the American Legion offered a reward for the ‘return’ of the body, so the Denver branch mounted a guard over the grave until a deeper shaft could be blasted into the rock.
Legacy
Buffalo Bill Cody in 1903
In contrast to his image and stereotype as a rough-hewn outdoorsman, Buffalo Bill pushed for the rights of American Indians and women. In addition, despite his history of killing bison, he supported their conservation by speaking out against hide-hunting and pushing for a hunting season.
Buffalo Bill became so well known and his exploits so well entrenched in American culture that his character has appeared in many literary works, as well as television shows and movies, and on two U.S. postage stamps. Westerns were very popular in the 1950s and 60s, and Buffalo Bill would make an appearance in many of them. As a character, he is in the very popular Broadway musical Annie Get Your Gun, which was very successful both with Ethel Merman and more recently with Bernadette Peters in the lead role.
Having been a frontier scout who respected the natives, he was a staunch supporter of their rights. He employed many more natives than just Sitting Bull, feeling his show offered them a better life, calling them “the former foe, present friend, the American”, and once said,
“Every Indian outbreak that I have ever known has resulted from broken promises and broken treaties by the government”.
While in his shows the Indians were usually the “bad guys”, attacking stagecoaches and wagon trains in order to be driven off by “heroic” cowboys and soldiers, Bill also had the wives and children of his Indian performers set up camp as they would in the homelands as part of the show, so that the paying public could see the human side of the “fierce warriors”, that they were families like any other, just part of a different culture.
The city of Cody, Wyoming was founded in 1896 by Cody and some investors, and is named for him. It is the home of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. Fifty miles from Yellowstone National Park, it became a tourist magnet with many dignitaries and political leaders coming to hunt. Bill did indeed spend a great amount of time in Wyoming at his home in Cody. However, he also had a house in the town of North Platte, Nebraska and later built the Scout’s Rest Ranch there where he came to be with his family between shows. This western Nebraska town is still home to “Nebraskaland Days,” an annual festival including concerts and a large rodeo. The Scout’s Rest Ranch in North Platte is both a museum, and a tourist destination for thousands of people every year.
Buffalo Bill became a hero of the Bills, a Congolese youth subculture of the late 1950s who idolized Western movies.
The nickname of the K.A.A. Gent football club in Ghent, Belgium is De Buffalo’s (The Buffalos), which was adopted after the Wild West Show visited the area in the early 1900s.
In film and television
On television, his character has appeared on shows such as Bat Masterson and even Bonanza. His persona has been portrayed as anything from an elder statesman to a flamboyant, self-serving exhibitionist. Buffalo Bill has been portrayed in the movies and on television by: bill the buffalo
Himself (1898 and 1912)
George Waggner (1924)
John Fox, Jr. (1924)
Jack Hoxie (1926)
Roy Stewart (1926)
William Fairbanks (1928)
Tom Tyler (1931)
Douglass Dumbrille (1933)
Earl Dwire (1935)
Moroni Olsen (1935)
Ted Adams (1936)
James Ellison (1936)
Carlyle Moore (1938)
Jack Rutherford (1938)
George Reeves (1940)
Roy Rogers (1940)
Joel McCrea (1944)
Richard Arlen (1947)
Enzo Fiermonte (1949)
Monte Hale (1949)
Louis Calhern (1950)
Tex Cooper (1951)
Clayton Moore (1952)
Rodd Redwing (1952)
Charlton Heston (1953)
William O’Neal (1957)
Malcolm Atterbury (1958)
James McMullan (1963)
Gordon Scott (1964)
Guy Stockwell (1966)
Rufus Smith (1967)
Matt Clark (1974)
Michel Piccoli (1974)
Paul Newman (1976)
Buff Brady (1979)
R. L. Tolbert (1979)
Ted Flicker (1981)
Robert Donner (1983)
Ken Kercheval (1984)
Jeffrey Jones (1987)
Stephen Baldwin (1989)
Brian Keith (1993)
Dennis Weaver (1994)
Keith Carradine (1995)
Peter Coyote (1995)
J. K. Simmons (2004)
Frank Conniff (2005)
Cameron Klinger (2008)
Nicholas Campbell (2009)
William Cody’s statue at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming.
The false Italian pedigree
Italy was among many countries where stories recounting various adventures attributed to Buffalo Bill were highly popular. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nerbini Publishing House of Florence monthly published such brochures, sold at 60 centesimi each.
In 1942, when Fascist Italy found itself at war with the United States, the publisher added a note purporting to reveal that Buffalo Bill had actually been an Italian immigrant named Domenico Tombini, originally from Romagna, Mussolini’s own native province – a pedigree for which no shred of historical evidence exists. In this way, the adventures could continue publication in wartime Italy, under the title “Buffalo Bill, the Italian Hero of the Plains”.
Buffalo Bill’s / defunct
A free verse poem on mortality by E E Cummings uses Buffalo Bill as an image of life and vibrancy. The poem is generally untitled, and commonly known by its first two lines: “Buffalo Bill’s / defunct”, however some books such as Poetry edited by J. Hunter uses the name “portrait”. The poem uses expressive phrases to describe Buffalo Bill’s showmanship, referring to his “watersmooth-silver / stallion”, and using a staccato beat to describe his rapid shooting of a series of clay pigeons. The poem which featured this character caused great controversy. The fusion of words such as “onetwothreefourfive” interprets the impression which Buffalo Bill left on his audiences.
Other Buffalo Bills
Buffalo Bill is also the name of a musician/producer/M.C. from the group Mechanics of Sound. Buffalo Bill is most known for his work with Melodic Undertone Production Group and his help in the underground hiphop movement of San Antonio.
Buffalo Bill was the first song written by Australian country music singer Sara Storer. Living in Camooweal, north of Mount Isa, she met a retired water buffalo shooter whose stories inspired her to write Buffalo Bill, her first song. Buffalo Bill won a Golden Guitar at the Tamworth Country Music Festival in 2001 for New Talent of the Year and appears on her first album, Chasing Buffalos.
Buffalo Bill is also the name of a fictional character from Thomas Harris’s The Silence of the Lambs, who was also parodied in the movie Joe Dirt under the name Buffalo Bob.
Two television series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. (19556) starring Dickie Jones and Buffalo Bill (19834) starring Dabney Coleman, had nothing to do with the historic person.
The Buffalo Bills, an NFL team based in Buffalo, New York, were named after Buffalo Bill. Prior to that team’s existence, other early football teams (such as Buffalo Bills (AAFC)) used the nickname, solely due to name recognition, as Bill Cody had no special connection with the city.
The Buffalo Bills are a barbershop-quartet singing group consisting of Vern Reed, Al Shea, Bill Spangenberg, and Wayne Ward. They appeared in the original Broadway cast of The Music Man (opened 1957) and in the 1962 motion-picture version of that play.
Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by the jam band Phish.
Buffalo Bill is the name of a bluegrass band in Wisconsin.
Samuel Cowdery, buffalo hunter, “wild west” showman and aviation pioneer changed his surname to “Cody” and was often taken for the original “Buffalo Bill” in his touring show Captain Cody King of the Cowboys.
William Wilson “Buffalo Bill” Quinn: Retired Lieutenant General and Silver Star recipient. He served in World War II as a colonel and became a full colonel in Korea; and at the end of Korea became a Brigadier General.
Bungalow Bill is the title of a song by the Beatles that indirectly refers to Buffalo Bill.
Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by American rapper Eminem
See also
United States Army portal
American Civil War portal
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
Ned Buntline: Contemporary of Buffalo Bill and author of successful dime novel series “Buffalo Bill Cody – King of the Border Men”
William “Doc” Carver
References
^ a b Herring, Hal (2008). Famous Firearms of the Old West: From Wild Bill Hickok’s Colt Revolvers to Geronimo’s Winchester, Twelve Guns That Shaped Our History. TwoDot. pp. 224. ISBN 0762745088.
^ a b c Cody, Col. William F: “The Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody”, 1st ed. page viii. New York and London: Harper & Brother, 1904
^ a b c d e f g h i j Wilson, R.L. (1998). Buffalo Bill’s Wild West: An American Legend. Random House. pp. 316. ISBN 978-0375501067.
^ a b c Carter, Robert A. (2002). Buffalo Bill Cody: The Man Behind the Legend. Wiley. pp. 512. ISBN 978-0471077800.
^ Miles from Nowhere: Tales from America’s Contemporary Frontier, Dayton Duncan, U of Nebraska Press, 2000 ISBN 0803266278, 9780803266278
^ Polanski, Charles (2006). “The Medal’s History”. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928073912/http://www.cmohs.com/medal/medal_history.htm.
^ Sterner, C. Douglas (19992009). “Restoration of 6 Awards Previously Purged From The Roll Of Honor”. HomeOfHeroes.com. http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/corrections/restorations.html.
^ Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906, Roger A. Hall, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.54, ISBN 0521793203, 9780521793209
^ The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. BLISS. HARTFORD, CONN, 1879, p329
^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07
^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07
^ Could Building Site be burial ground of the lost warrior from Buffalo Bill’s show? Retrieved on 2008-04-25
^ Kensel, W. Hudson. Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill’s Old Hunting Lodge and Hotel, A History, 1901-1946. Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1987.
^ Staten Island on the Web: Famous Staten Islanders
^ a b Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: “The Book of General Ignorance”. Faber & Faber, 2006.
^ Larry McMurtry: “Sacagawea’s Nickname”. New York Review of Books, 2001.
^ Colorado Transcript, May 17, 1917.
^ The false Italian pedigree of Buffalo Bill is one of the many items unearthed by Umberto Eco during his extensive research into the pulp literature and popular culture of Fascist Italy, undertaken for writing “The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana”
Further reading
Buffalo Bill Days (June 2224, 2007). A 20-page special section of The Sheridan Press, published in June 2007 by Sheridan Newspapers, Inc., 144 Grinnell Avenue, Post Office Box 2006, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA. (Includes extensive information about Buffalo Bill, as well as the schedule of the annual three-day event held in Sheridan, Wyoming.)
Story of the Wild West and Camp-Fire Chats by Buffalo Bill (Hon. W.F. Cody.) “A Full and Complete History of the Renowned Pioneer Quartette, Boone, Crockett, Carson and Buffalo Bill.”, c1888 by HS Smith, published 1889 by Standard Publishing Co., Philadelphia, PA.
The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. Bliss. Hartford, Conn, 1879 Digitized from the Library of Congress.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Buffalo Bill
buffalobill.org
Works by Buffalo Bill at Project Gutenberg
Buffalo Bill Historical Center
The Scottish National Buffalo Bill Archive
Advert and press report about Buffalo Bill’s Wild West in Horsham, West Sussex, June 15, 1904
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wwquinn.htm
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NAME
William Frederick Cody
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Buffalo Bill, Wild Bill
SHORT DESCRIPTION
frontiersman, showman
DATE OF BIRTH
February 26, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH
near Le Claire, Iowa, United States
DATE OF DEATH
January 10, 1917
PLACE OF DEATH
Denver, Colorado, United States
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Buffalo Bill
Buffalo Bill
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo_Bill)
Children
Four children, two of whom died young: Kit died of scarlet fever in April, 1876, and his daughter Orra died in 1880
William Frederick “Buffalo Bill” Cody (February 26, 1846 January 10, 1917) was an American soldier, bison hunter and showman. He was born in the Iowa Territory (now the American state of Iowa), near Le Claire. He was one of the most colorful figures of the American Old West, and mostly famous for the shows he organized with cowboy themes. Buffalo Bill received the Medal of Honor in 1872.
Contents
1 Nickname and work life
2 Early years
3 Military service
3.1 Medal of Honor
4 Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
4.1 Irrigation
5 Life in Cody, Wyoming
6 Life in Staten Island, New York
7 Death
8 Legacy
9 In film and television
10 The false Italian pedigree
11 Buffalo Bill’s / defunct
12 Other Buffalo Bills
13 See also
14 References
15 Further reading
16 External links
//
Nickname and work life
William Frederick Cody (“Buffalo Bill”) got his nickname after he undertook a contract to supply Kansas Pacific Railroad workers with buffalo meat. The nickname originally referred to Bill Comstock. Cody earned the nickname by killing 4,860 American Bison (commonly known as buffalo) in eight months (186768). He and Comstock eventually competed in a shooting match over the exclusive right to use the name, which Cody won.
In addition to his documented service as a soldier during the Civil War and as Chief of Scouts for the Third Cavalry during the Plains Wars, Cody claimed to have worked many jobs, including as a trapper, bullwhacker, “Fifty-Niner” in Colorado, a Pony Express rider in 1860, wagonmaster, stagecoach driver, and even a hotel manager, but it’s unclear which claims were factual and which were fabricated for purposes of publicity. He became world famous for his Wild West Shows.
Early years
William Cody at age 19
While giving an anti-slavery speech at the local trading post, his father so inflamed the supporters of slavery in the audience that they formed a mob and one of them stabbed him. Cody helped to drag his father to safety, although he never fully recovered from his injuries. The family was constantly persecuted by the supporters of slavery, forcing Isaac Cody to spend much of his time away from home. His enemies learned of a planned visit to his family and plotted to kill him on the way. Cody, despite his youth and the fact that he was ill, rode 30 miles (48 km) to warn his father. Cody’s father died in 1857 from complications from his stabbing.
After his father’s death, the Cody family suffered financial difficulties, and Cody, aged 11, took a job with a freight carrier as a “boy extra,” riding up and down the length of a wagon train, delivering messages. From here, he joined Johnston’s Army as an unofficial member of the scouts assigned to guide the Army to Utah to put down a falsely-reported rebellion by the Mormon population of Salt Lake City. According to Cody’s account in Buffalo Bill’s Own Story, the Utah War was where he first began his career as an “Indian fighter”.
Presently the moon rose, dead ahead of me; and painted boldly across its face was the figure of an Indian. He wore this war-bonnet of the Sioux, at his shoulder was a rifle pointed at someone in the river-bottom 30 feet (9 m) below; in another second he would drop one of my friends. I raised my old muzzle-loader and fired. The figure collapsed, tumbled down the bank and landed with a splash in the water. ‘What is it?’ called McCarthy, as he hurried back. ‘It’s over there in the water,’. ‘Hi!’ he cried. ‘Little Billy’s killed an Indian all by himself!’ So began my career as an Indian fighter.
At the age of 14, Cody was struck by gold fever, but on his way to the gold fields, he met an agent for the Pony Express. He signed with them and after building several way stations and corrals was given a job as a rider, which he kept until he was called home to his sick mother’s bedside.
Military service
circa 1875
After his mother recovered Cody wished to enlist as a soldier, but was refused for his age. He began working with a United States freight caravan which delivered supplies to Fort Laramie. In 1863 he enlisted as a teamster with the rank of Private in Company H, 7th Kansas Cavalry and served until discharged in 1865.
From 1868 until 1872 Cody was employed as a scout by the United States Army. Part of this time he spent scouting for Indians, and the remainder was spent gathering and killing bison for them and the Kansas Pacific Railroad. In January 1872 Cody was a scout for Grand Duke Alexei Alexandrovich of Russia’s highly publicized royal hunt.
Medal of Honor
Cody received a Medal of Honor in 1872 for “gallantry in action” while serving as a civilian scout for the 3rd Cavalry Regiment. In 1917, the U.S.Congressfter revising the standards for award of the medalevoked 911 medals previously awarded either to civilians, or for actions that would not warrant a Medal of Honor under the new higher standards. After Dr. Mary Edwards Walker’s medal was restored in 1977, other reviews began that led to Cody’s medallong with those given to four other civilian scoutseing re-instated on June 12, 1989.
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West
The Wild West Show, 1890
In December 1872 Cody traveled to Chicago to make his stage debut with friend Texas Jack Omohundro in The Scouts of the Prairie, one of the original Wild West shows produced by Ned Buntline. During the 1873-74 season, Cody and Omohundro invited their friend James Butler “Wild Bill” Hickok to join them in a new play called Scouts of the Plains.
The troupe toured for ten years and his part typically included an 1876 incident at the Warbonnet Creek where he claimed to have scalped a Cheyenne warrior, purportedly in revenge for the death of George Armstrong Custer.
It was the age of great showmen and traveling entertainers. Cody put together a new traveling show based on both of those forms of entertainment. In 1883 in the area of North Platte, Nebraska he founded “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West,” (despite popular misconception, the word “show” was not a part of the title) a circus-like attraction that toured annually.
In 1893 the title was changed to “Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and Congress of Rough Riders of the World”. The show began with a parade on horseback, with participants from horse-culture groups that included US and other military, American Indians, and performers from all over the world in their best attire. There were Turks, Gauchos, Arabs, Mongols and Georgians, among others, each showing their own distinctive horses and colorful costumes. Visitors to this spectacle could see main events, feats of skill, staged races, and sideshows. Many authentic western personalities were part of the show. For example Sitting Bull and a band of twenty braves appeared. Cody’s headline performers were well known in their own right. People like Annie Oakley and her husband Frank Butler put on shooting exhibitions along with the likes of Gabriel Dumont. Buffalo Bill and his performers would re-enact the riding of the Pony Express, Indian attacks on wagon trains, and stagecoach robberies. The show typically ended with a melodramatic re-enactment of Custer’s Last Stand in which Cody himself portrayed General Custer.
Sitting Bull and Buffalo Bill, Montreal, QC, 1885
The profits from his show enabled him to purchase a 4,000-acre (16 km2) ranch near North Platte, Nebraska in 1886. Scout’s Rest Ranch included an eighteen-room mansion and a large barn for winter storage of the show’s livestock.
In 1887 he took the show to Britain in celebration of the Jubilee year of Queen Victoria. The show was staged in London before going on to Birmingham and then Salford near Manchester, where it stayed for five months. In 1889 the show toured Europe. In 1890 he met Pope Leo XIII. He set up an exhibition near the Chicago World’s Fair of 1893, which greatly contributed to his popularity, and also vexed the promoters of the fair. As noted in The Devil in the White City, he had been rebuffed in his request to be part of the fair, so he set up shop just to the west of the fairgrounds, drawing many of their patrons away. Since his show was not part of the fair, he was not obligated to pay the promoters any royalties, which they could have used to temper their financial problems.
Irrigation
Larry McMurtry, along with some historians such as RL Wilson, asserts that at the turn of the 20th century Buffalo Bill Cody was the most recognizable celebrity on earth. And yet, despite all of the recognition and appreciation Cody’s show brought for the Western and American Indian cultures, Buffalo Bill saw the American West change dramatically during his tumultuous life. Bison herds, which had once numbered in the millions, were now threatened with extinction. Railroads crossed the plains, barbed wire, and other types of fences divided the land for farmers and ranchers, and the once-threatening Indian tribes were now almost completely confined to reservations. Wyoming’s resources of coal, oil and natural gas were beginning to be exploited towards the end of his life.
Even the Shoshone River was dammed for hydroelectric power as well as for irrigation. In 1897 and 1899 Cody and his associates acquired from the State of Wyoming the right to take water from the Shoshone River to irrigate about 169,000 acres (680 km2) of land in the Big Horn Basin. They began developing a canal to carry water diverted from the river, but their plans did not include a water storage reservoir. Cody and his associates were unable to raise sufficient capital to complete their plan. Early in 1903 they joined with the Wyoming Board of Land Commissioners in urging the federal government to step in and help with irrigation development in the valley.
The Shoshone Project became one of the first federal water development projects undertaken by the newly formed Reclamation Service, later to become known as the Bureau of Reclamation. After Reclamation took over the project in 1903, investigating engineers recommended constructing a dam on the Shoshone River in the canyon west of Cody.
Construction of the Shoshone Dam started in 1905, a year after the Shoshone Project was authorized. Almost three decades after its construction, the name of the dam and reservoir was changed to Buffalo Bill Dam by an act of Congress to honor Cody.
Life in Cody, Wyoming
In 1895, William Cody was instrumental in the founding of Cody, the seat of Park County in northwestern Wyoming. The site where the community was established is now the Old Trail Town museum, which honors the traditions of Western life. Cody first passed through the region in the 1870s. He was so impressed by the development possibilities from irrigation, rich soil, grand scenery, hunting, and proximity to Yellowstone Park that he returned in the mid-1890s to start a town. He brought with him men whose names are still on street signs in Cody downtown area Beck, Alger, Rumsey, Bleistein and Salsbury. The town was incorporated in 1901.
In November 1902, Cody opened the Irma Hotel in downtown Cody, a hotel named after his daughter. He envisioned a growing number of tourists coming to the town via the recently opened Burlington rail line. He expected that they would spend money at local business including the Irma Hotel. Cody also expected that they would proceed up the Cody Road along the North Fork of the Shoshone River to visit Yellowstone Park. To accommodate travelers along the Cody Road, Cody completed construction of the Wapiti Inn and Pahaska Tepee in 1905 and opened both to guests.
Cody also established the TE Ranch, which was located on the South Fork of the Shoshone River about thirty-five miles from Cody. When he acquired the TE property, he ordered the movement of Nebraska and South Dakota cattle to Wyoming. This new herd carried the TE brand. The late 1890s were relatively prosperous years for Buffalo Bill’s Wild West and he used some of the profits to accumulate lands which were added to the TE holdings. Eventually Cody held around eight thousand acres (32 km) of private land for grazing operations and ran about a thousand head of cattle. He also operated a dude ranch, pack horse camping trips, and big game hunting business at and from the TE Ranch, on the South fork of the Shoshone River. In his spacious and comfortable ranch house he entertained notable guests from Europe and America.
Life in Staten Island, New York
Cody brought his “Wild West Show” to an area of Mariners Harbor called Erastina (named for Staten Island promoter Erastus Wiman) for two seasons from June to October in 1886 and again in 1887. During the winter of 1886, the show moved indoors to Madison Square Garden. His show, featuring Native Americans, trick riders, “the smallest cowboy” and sharpshooters (including Annie Oakley) is said to have drawn millions of visitors to the island.
His 1879 autobiography is titled The Life and Adventures of Buffalo Bill
Death
Buffalo Bill’s grave on Lookout Mountain in Colorado.
William F. Cody died of kidney failure on January 10, 1917, surrounded by family and friends at his sister’s house in Denver. Cody was baptized into the Roman Catholic Church the day before his death by Father Christopher Walsh of the Denver Cathedral. Upon the news of Cody’s death, he received tributes from King George V of the United Kingdom, Kaiser Wilhelm II of Imperial Germany, and President Woodrow Wilson. His funeral was in Denver at the Elks Lodge Hall. Wyoming Governor John B. Kendrick, a friend of Cody’s, led the funeral procession to the Elks Lodge.
Contrary to popular belief, Cody was not destitute, but his once great fortune had dwindled to under 0,000. Despite his request in an early will to be buried in Cody, Wyoming, a later will left his burial arrangements up to his wife Louisa. To this day, there is controversy as to where Cody should have been buried. According to the writer Larry McMurtry, Harry Tammen and Frederick Gilmer Bonfils of the Denver Post, who had strong-armed Cody into appearing in their Sells-Floto Circus, either “bullied or bamboozled the grieving Louisa” and had Cody buried in Colorado. This is consistent with an account by Gene Fowler, who wrote Cody’s obituary for the Post under direction from Tammen and Bonfils.
On June 3, 1917, Cody was buried on Colorado’s Lookout Mountain in Golden, Colorado, west of the city of Denver, on the edge of the Rocky Mountains, overlooking the Great Plains. His exact burial site was selected by his sister, Mrs. Mary Decker, while looking over the area accompanied by W.F.R. Mills, manager of the Denver Mountain Parks. In 1948 the Cody branch of the American Legion offered a reward for the ‘return’ of the body, so the Denver branch mounted a guard over the grave until a deeper shaft could be blasted into the rock.
Legacy
Buffalo Bill Cody in 1903
In contrast to his image and stereotype as a rough-hewn outdoorsman, Buffalo Bill pushed for the rights of American Indians and women. In addition, despite his history of killing bison, he supported their conservation by speaking out against hide-hunting and pushing for a hunting season.
Buffalo Bill became so well known and his exploits so well entrenched in American culture that his character has appeared in many literary works, as well as television shows and movies, and on two U.S. postage stamps. Westerns were very popular in the 1950s and 60s, and Buffalo Bill would make an appearance in many of them. As a character, he is in the very popular Broadway musical Annie Get Your Gun, which was very successful both with Ethel Merman and more recently with Bernadette Peters in the lead role.
Having been a frontier scout who respected the natives, he was a staunch supporter of their rights. He employed many more natives than just Sitting Bull, feeling his show offered them a better life, calling them “the former foe, present friend, the American”, and once said,
“Every Indian outbreak that I have ever known has resulted from broken promises and broken treaties by the government”.
While in his shows the Indians were usually the “bad guys”, attacking stagecoaches and wagon trains in order to be driven off by “heroic” cowboys and soldiers, Bill also had the wives and children of his Indian performers set up camp as they would in the homelands as part of the show, so that the paying public could see the human side of the “fierce warriors”, that they were families like any other, just part of a different culture.
The city of Cody, Wyoming was founded in 1896 by Cody and some investors, and is named for him. It is the home of the Buffalo Bill Historical Center. Fifty miles from Yellowstone National Park, it became a tourist magnet with many dignitaries and political leaders coming to hunt. Bill did indeed spend a great amount of time in Wyoming at his home in Cody. However, he also had a house in the town of North Platte, Nebraska and later built the Scout’s Rest Ranch there where he came to be with his family between shows. This western Nebraska town is still home to “Nebraskaland Days,” an annual festival including concerts and a large rodeo. The Scout’s Rest Ranch in North Platte is both a museum, and a tourist destination for thousands of people every year.
Buffalo Bill became a hero of the Bills, a Congolese youth subculture of the late 1950s who idolized Western movies.
The nickname of the K.A.A. Gent football club in Ghent, Belgium is De Buffalo’s (The Buffalos), which was adopted after the Wild West Show visited the area in the early 1900s.
In film and television
On television, his character has appeared on shows such as Bat Masterson and even Bonanza. His persona has been portrayed as anything from an elder statesman to a flamboyant, self-serving exhibitionist. Buffalo Bill has been portrayed in the movies and on television by: bill the buffalo
Himself (1898 and 1912)
George Waggner (1924)
John Fox, Jr. (1924)
Jack Hoxie (1926)
Roy Stewart (1926)
William Fairbanks (1928)
Tom Tyler (1931)
Douglass Dumbrille (1933)
Earl Dwire (1935)
Moroni Olsen (1935)
Ted Adams (1936)
James Ellison (1936)
Carlyle Moore (1938)
Jack Rutherford (1938)
George Reeves (1940)
Roy Rogers (1940)
Joel McCrea (1944)
Richard Arlen (1947)
Enzo Fiermonte (1949)
Monte Hale (1949)
Louis Calhern (1950)
Tex Cooper (1951)
Clayton Moore (1952)
Rodd Redwing (1952)
Charlton Heston (1953)
William O’Neal (1957)
Malcolm Atterbury (1958)
James McMullan (1963)
Gordon Scott (1964)
Guy Stockwell (1966)
Rufus Smith (1967)
Matt Clark (1974)
Michel Piccoli (1974)
Paul Newman (1976)
Buff Brady (1979)
R. L. Tolbert (1979)
Ted Flicker (1981)
Robert Donner (1983)
Ken Kercheval (1984)
Jeffrey Jones (1987)
Stephen Baldwin (1989)
Brian Keith (1993)
Dennis Weaver (1994)
Keith Carradine (1995)
Peter Coyote (1995)
J. K. Simmons (2004)
Frank Conniff (2005)
Cameron Klinger (2008)
Nicholas Campbell (2009)
William Cody’s statue at the Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody, Wyoming.
The false Italian pedigree
Italy was among many countries where stories recounting various adventures attributed to Buffalo Bill were highly popular. In the 1930s and 1940s, the Nerbini Publishing House of Florence monthly published such brochures, sold at 60 centesimi each.
In 1942, when Fascist Italy found itself at war with the United States, the publisher added a note purporting to reveal that Buffalo Bill had actually been an Italian immigrant named Domenico Tombini, originally from Romagna, Mussolini’s own native province – a pedigree for which no shred of historical evidence exists. In this way, the adventures could continue publication in wartime Italy, under the title “Buffalo Bill, the Italian Hero of the Plains”.
Buffalo Bill’s / defunct
A free verse poem on mortality by E E Cummings uses Buffalo Bill as an image of life and vibrancy. The poem is generally untitled, and commonly known by its first two lines: “Buffalo Bill’s / defunct”, however some books such as Poetry edited by J. Hunter uses the name “portrait”. The poem uses expressive phrases to describe Buffalo Bill’s showmanship, referring to his “watersmooth-silver / stallion”, and using a staccato beat to describe his rapid shooting of a series of clay pigeons. The poem which featured this character caused great controversy. The fusion of words such as “onetwothreefourfive” interprets the impression which Buffalo Bill left on his audiences.
Other Buffalo Bills
Buffalo Bill is also the name of a musician/producer/M.C. from the group Mechanics of Sound. Buffalo Bill is most known for his work with Melodic Undertone Production Group and his help in the underground hiphop movement of San Antonio.
Buffalo Bill was the first song written by Australian country music singer Sara Storer. Living in Camooweal, north of Mount Isa, she met a retired water buffalo shooter whose stories inspired her to write Buffalo Bill, her first song. Buffalo Bill won a Golden Guitar at the Tamworth Country Music Festival in 2001 for New Talent of the Year and appears on her first album, Chasing Buffalos.
Buffalo Bill is also the name of a fictional character from Thomas Harris’s The Silence of the Lambs, who was also parodied in the movie Joe Dirt under the name Buffalo Bob.
Two television series, Buffalo Bill, Jr. (19556) starring Dickie Jones and Buffalo Bill (19834) starring Dabney Coleman, had nothing to do with the historic person.
The Buffalo Bills, an NFL team based in Buffalo, New York, were named after Buffalo Bill. Prior to that team’s existence, other early football teams (such as Buffalo Bills (AAFC)) used the nickname, solely due to name recognition, as Bill Cody had no special connection with the city.
The Buffalo Bills are a barbershop-quartet singing group consisting of Vern Reed, Al Shea, Bill Spangenberg, and Wayne Ward. They appeared in the original Broadway cast of The Music Man (opened 1957) and in the 1962 motion-picture version of that play.
Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by the jam band Phish.
Buffalo Bill is the name of a bluegrass band in Wisconsin.
Samuel Cowdery, buffalo hunter, “wild west” showman and aviation pioneer changed his surname to “Cody” and was often taken for the original “Buffalo Bill” in his touring show Captain Cody King of the Cowboys.
William Wilson “Buffalo Bill” Quinn: Retired Lieutenant General and Silver Star recipient. He served in World War II as a colonel and became a full colonel in Korea; and at the end of Korea became a Brigadier General.
Bungalow Bill is the title of a song by the Beatles that indirectly refers to Buffalo Bill.
Buffalo Bill is the title of a song by American rapper Eminem
See also
United States Army portal
American Civil War portal
List of Medal of Honor recipients for the Indian Wars
Ned Buntline: Contemporary of Buffalo Bill and author of successful dime novel series “Buffalo Bill Cody – King of the Border Men”
William “Doc” Carver
References
^ a b Herring, Hal (2008). Famous Firearms of the Old West: From Wild Bill Hickok’s Colt Revolvers to Geronimo’s Winchester, Twelve Guns That Shaped Our History. TwoDot. pp. 224. ISBN 0762745088.
^ a b c Cody, Col. William F: “The Adventures of Buffalo Bill Cody”, 1st ed. page viii. New York and London: Harper & Brother, 1904
^ a b c d e f g h i j Wilson, R.L. (1998). Buffalo Bill’s Wild West: An American Legend. Random House. pp. 316. ISBN 978-0375501067.
^ a b c Carter, Robert A. (2002). Buffalo Bill Cody: The Man Behind the Legend. Wiley. pp. 512. ISBN 978-0471077800.
^ Miles from Nowhere: Tales from America’s Contemporary Frontier, Dayton Duncan, U of Nebraska Press, 2000 ISBN 0803266278, 9780803266278
^ Polanski, Charles (2006). “The Medal’s History”. Congressional Medal of Honor Society. Archived from the original on September 28, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070928073912/http://www.cmohs.com/medal/medal_history.htm.
^ Sterner, C. Douglas (19992009). “Restoration of 6 Awards Previously Purged From The Roll Of Honor”. HomeOfHeroes.com. http://www.homeofheroes.com/moh/corrections/restorations.html.
^ Performing the American Frontier, 1870-1906, Roger A. Hall, Cambridge University Press, 2001, p.54, ISBN 0521793203, 9780521793209
^ The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. BLISS. HARTFORD, CONN, 1879, p329
^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07
^ Retrieved on 2008-06-07
^ Could Building Site be burial ground of the lost warrior from Buffalo Bill’s show? Retrieved on 2008-04-25
^ Kensel, W. Hudson. Pahaska Tepee, Buffalo Bill’s Old Hunting Lodge and Hotel, A History, 1901-1946. Buffalo Bill Historical Center, 1987.
^ Staten Island on the Web: Famous Staten Islanders
^ a b Lloyd, J & Mitchinson, J: “The Book of General Ignorance”. Faber & Faber, 2006.
^ Larry McMurtry: “Sacagawea’s Nickname”. New York Review of Books, 2001.
^ Colorado Transcript, May 17, 1917.
^ The false Italian pedigree of Buffalo Bill is one of the many items unearthed by Umberto Eco during his extensive research into the pulp literature and popular culture of Fascist Italy, undertaken for writing “The Mysterious Flame of Queen Loana”
Further reading
Buffalo Bill Days (June 2224, 2007). A 20-page special section of The Sheridan Press, published in June 2007 by Sheridan Newspapers, Inc., 144 Grinnell Avenue, Post Office Box 2006, Sheridan, Wyoming, 82801, USA. (Includes extensive information about Buffalo Bill, as well as the schedule of the annual three-day event held in Sheridan, Wyoming.)
Story of the Wild West and Camp-Fire Chats by Buffalo Bill (Hon. W.F. Cody.) “A Full and Complete History of the Renowned Pioneer Quartette, Boone, Crockett, Carson and Buffalo Bill.”, c1888 by HS Smith, published 1889 by Standard Publishing Co., Philadelphia, PA.
The life of Hon. William F. Cody, known as Buffalo Bill, the famous hunter, scout and guide. An autobiography, F. E. Bliss. Hartford, Conn, 1879 Digitized from the Library of Congress.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Buffalo Bill
buffalobill.org
Works by Buffalo Bill at Project Gutenberg
Buffalo Bill Historical Center
The Scottish National Buffalo Bill Archive
Advert and press report about Buffalo Bill’s Wild West in Horsham, West Sussex, June 15, 1904
http://www.arlingtoncemetery.net/wwquinn.htm
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Genre
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Persondata
NAME
William Frederick Cody
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Buffalo Bill, Wild Bill
SHORT DESCRIPTION
frontiersman, showman
DATE OF BIRTH
February 26, 1846
PLACE OF BIRTH
near Le Claire, Iowa, United States
DATE OF DEATH
January 10, 1917
PLACE OF DEATH
Denver, Colorado, United States
Categories: American folklore | American hunters | American people of the Indian Wars | American pioneers | American Roman Catholics | American stage actors | American writers | Bison hunters | Civilian recipients of the Medal of Honor | Converts to Roman Catholicism | Deaths from renal failure | People from Omaha, Nebraska | History of Nebraska | International Circus Hall of Fame inductees | Irish Americans | Irish-Americans in the military | Irish-American writers | People from New York City | People from North Omaha, Nebraska | People from Park County, Wyoming | People from Scott County, Iowa | People from Staten Island | People of the Black Hills War | Union Army soldiers | Utah War | Wild west shows | 1846 births | 1917 deathsHidden categories: Articles with hCards
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Would OBAMA be idealogically flexible enough to sign a healthcare bill that is stripped of the public option?
Question by Marko: Would OBAMA be idealogically flexible enough to sign a healthcare bill that is stripped of the public option?
Would OBAMA be idealogically flexible enough to sign a healthcare bill that is stripped of the public option that most voters are afraid will be morphed into a heavy-handed single-payer healthcare system.
Is Obama astute enough to recognize that he can’t force people to accept a system where the government-alone controls doctor’s income & patient’s options.
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Answer by dwoodall
I doubt it. His arrogance and elitism wouldn’t let him.
That’s my impression.
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Senate Bill S510 Makes it illegal to Grow. Share. Trade or Sell Homegrown Food.
See also: www.youtube.com Are small farms and gardens going to be against the law? Well if the liberals in congress have their way it will be. This ridiculous law is just one of many that congress is going to push on us to protect us. Well I for one am getting damn tied of losing my freedoms to the government in the name of protecting me. I can protect myself. I dont need the help of the federal government. All that I need is that they stay out of my way. As is stated in this video, this law will only hurt small business. It will just create another layer of federal bureaucracy to further hinder small farms, and small organic farms. While, as is usual for most laws, it will not help us at all, or very little. If I have to die of salmonella to keep my freedoms, then I am willing to die, because like they say, freedom is not free. So if I understand this law correctly, the government will now monitor what you are growing in your own garden, what food you buy at your local grocery store, and even the fruits and vegetables that you buy at your local farmers market, what a joke. This is what is coming to America, total government control of your life, from what you eat, where you go, who you see, where your children go to school, what your children learn at school, etc. etc., I could go on and on. Just what part of total government control would someone not understand? Is this what Americans want? I dont think so, so we had better start acting up or this what we will get …
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Bill Gates
Bill Gates
Early life
Gates was born in Seattle, Washington, to William H. Gates, Sr. and Mary Maxwell Gates, of English, German, and Scotch-Irish descent. His family was upper middle class; his father was a prominent lawyer, his mother served on the board of directors for First Interstate BancSystem and the United Way, and her father, J. W. Maxwell, was a national bank president. Gates has one elder sister, Kristi (Kristianne), and one younger sister, Libby. He was the fourth of his name in his family, but was known as William Gates III or “Trey” because his father had dropped his own “III” suffix. Early on in his life, Gates’ parents had a law career in mind for him.
At 13 he enrolled in the Lakeside School, an exclusive preparatory school. When he was in the eighth grade, the Mothers Club at the school used proceeds from Lakeside School’s rummage sale to buy an ASR-33 teletype terminal and a block of computer time on a General Electric (GE) computer for the school’s students. Gates took an interest in programming the GE system in BASIC and was excused from math classes to pursue his interest. He wrote his first computer program on this machine: an implementation of tic-tac-toe that allowed users to play games against the computer. Gates was fascinated by the machine and how it would always execute software code perfectly. When he reflected back on that moment, he commented on it and said, “There was just something neat about the machine.” After the Mothers Club donation was exhausted, he and other students sought time on systems including DEC PDP minicomputers. One of these systems was a PDP-10 belonging to Computer Center Corporation (CCC), which banned four Lakeside studentsates, Paul Allen, Ric Weiland, and Kent Evansor the summer after it caught them exploiting bugs in the operating system to obtain free computer time.
At the end of the ban, the four students offered to find bugs in CCC’s software in exchange for computer time. Rather than use the system via teletype, Gates went to CCC’s offices and studied source code for various programs that ran on the system, including programs in FORTRAN, LISP, and machine language. The arrangement with CCC continued until 1970, when the company went out of business. The following year, Information Sciences Inc. hired the four Lakeside students to write a payroll program in COBOL, providing them computer time and royalties. After his administrators became aware of his programming abilities, Gates wrote the school’s computer program to schedule students in classes. He modified the code so that he was placed in classes with mostly female students. He later stated that “it was hard to tear myself away from a machine at which I could so unambiguously demonstrate success.” At age 17, Gates formed a venture with Allen, called Traf-O-Data, to make traffic counters based on the Intel 8008 processor. In early 1973, Bill Gates served as a congressional page in the U.S. House of Representatives.
Bill Gates’ mugshot from a traffic violation in 1977
Gates graduated from Lakeside School in 1973. He scored 1590 out of 1600 on the SAT and subsequently enrolled at Harvard College in the autumn of 1973. Prior to the mid-1990s, an SAT score of 1590 corresponded roughly to an IQ of 170, a figure that has been cited frequently by the press. While at Harvard, he met his future business partner, Steve Ballmer, whom he later appointed as CEO of Microsoft. He also met computer scientist Christos Papadimitriou at Harvard, with whom he collaborated on a paper about pancake sorting. He did not have a definite study plan while a student at Harvard and spent a lot of time using the school’s computers. He remained in contact with Paul Allen, joining him at Honeywell during the summer of 1974. The following year saw the release of the MITS Altair 8800 based on the Intel 8080 CPU, and Gates and Allen saw this as the opportunity to start their own computer software company. He had talked this decision over with his parents, who were supportive of him after seeing how much Gates wanted to start a company.
Microsoft
Main articles: History of Microsoft and Microsoft
BASIC
MITS Altair 8800 Computer with 8-inch (200 mm) floppy disk system
After reading the January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics that demonstrated the Altair 8800, Gates contacted Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems (MITS), the creators of the new microcomputer, to inform them that he and others were working on a BASIC interpreter for the platform. In reality, Gates and Allen did not have an Altair and had not written code for it; they merely wanted to gauge MITS’s interest. MITS president Ed Roberts agreed to meet them for a demo, and over the course of a few weeks they developed an Altair emulator that ran on a minicomputer, and then the BASIC interpreter. The demonstration, held at MITS’s offices in Albuquerque, was a success and resulted in a deal with MITS to distribute the interpreter as Altair BASIC. Paul Allen was hired into MITS, and Gates took a leave of absence from Harvard to work with Allen at MITS in Albuquerque in November 1975. They named their partnership “Micro-Soft” and had their first office located in Albuquerque. Within a year, the hyphen was dropped, and on November 26, 1976, the trade name “Microsoft” was registered with the Office of the Secretary of the State of New Mexico. Gates never returned to Harvard to complete his studies.
Microsoft’s BASIC was popular with computer hobbyists, but Gates discovered that a pre-market copy had leaked into the community and was being widely copied and distributed. In February 1976, Gates wrote an Open Letter to Hobbyists in the MITS newsletter saying that MITS could not continue to produce, distribute, and maintain high-quality software without payment. This letter was unpopular with many computer hobbyists, but Gates persisted in his belief that software developers should be able to demand payment. Microsoft became independent of MITS in late 1976, and it continued to develop programming language software for various systems. The company moved from Albuquerque to its new home in Bellevue, Washington on January 1, 1979.
During Microsoft’s early years, all employees had broad responsibility for the company’s business. Gates oversaw the business details, but continued to write code as well. In the first five years, he personally reviewed every line of code the company shipped, and often rewrote parts of it as he saw fit.
IBM partnership
In 1980, IBM approached Microsoft to write the BASIC interpreter for its upcoming personal computer, the IBM PC. When IBM’s representatives mentioned that they needed an operating system, Gates referred them to Digital Research (DRI), makers of the widely used CP/M operating system. IBM’s discussions with Digital Research went poorly, and they did not reach a licensing agreement. IBM representative Jack Sams mentioned the licensing difficulties during a subsequent meeting with Gates and told him to get an acceptable operating system. A few weeks later Gates proposed using 86-DOS (QDOS), an operating system similar to CP/M that Tim Paterson of Seattle Computer Products (SCP) had made for hardware similar to the PC. Microsoft made a deal with SCP to become the exclusive licensing agent, and later the full owner, of 86-DOS. After adapting the operating system for the PC, Microsoft delivered it to IBM as PC-DOS in exchange for a one-time fee of ,000. Gates did not offer to transfer the copyright on the operating system, because he believed that other hardware vendors would clone IBM’s system. They did, and the sales of MS-DOS made Microsoft a major player in the industry.
Windows
Gates oversaw Microsoft’s company restructuring on June 25, 1981, which re-incorporated the company in Washington and made Gates President of Microsoft and the Chairman of the Board. Microsoft launched its first retail version of Microsoft Windows on November 20, 1985, and in August, the company struck a deal with IBM to develop a separate operating system called OS/2. Although the two companies successfully developed the first version of the new system, mounting creative differences undermined the partnership. Gates distributed an internal memo on May 16, 1991, announcing that the OS/2 partnership was over and Microsoft would shift its efforts to the Windows NT kernel development.
Management style
From Microsoft’s founding in 1975 until 2006, Gates had primary responsibility for the company’s product strategy. He aggressively broadened the company’s range of products, and wherever Microsoft achieved a dominant position he vigorously defended it.
As an executive, Gates met regularly with Microsoft’s senior managers and program managers. Firsthand accounts of these meetings describe him as verbally combative, berating managers for perceived holes in their business strategies or proposals that placed the company’s long-term interests at risk. He often interrupted presentations with such comments as, “That’s the stupidest thing I’ve ever heard!” and, “Why don’t you just give up your options and join the Peace Corps?” The target of his outburst then had to defend the proposal in detail until, hopefully, Gates was fully convinced. When subordinates appeared to be procrastinating, he was known to remark sarcastically, “I’ll do it over the weekend.”
Gates’s role at Microsoft for most of its history was primarily a management and executive role. However, he was an active software developer in the early years, particularly on the company’s programming language products. He has not officially been on a development team since working on the TRS-80 Model 100 line, but wrote code as late as 1989 that shipped in the company’s products. On June 15, 2006, Gates announced that he would transition out of his day-to-day role over the next two years to dedicate more time to philanthropy. He divided his responsibilities between two successors, placing Ray Ozzie in charge of day-to-day management and Craig Mundie in charge of long-term product strategy.
Antitrust litigation
Bill Gates giving his deposition at Microsoft on August 27, 1998
Further information: United States Microsoft antitrust case and European Union Microsoft competition case
Many decisions that led to antitrust litigation over Microsoft’s business practices have had Gates’ approval. In the 1998 United States v. Microsoft case, Gates gave deposition testimony that several journalists characterized as evasive. He argued with examiner David Boies over the contextual meaning of words like “compete”, “concerned” and “we”.BusinessWeek reported:
Early rounds of his deposition show him offering obfuscatory answers and saying ‘I don’t recall,’ so many times that even the presiding judge had to chuckle. Worse, many of the technology chief’s denials and pleas of ignorance were directly refuted by prosecutors with snippets of e-mail Gates both sent and received.
Gates later said that he had simply resisted attempts by Boies to mischaracterize his words and actions. As to his demeanor during the deposition, he said, “Did I fence with Boies? … I plead guilty. Whatever that penalty is should be levied against me: rudeness to Boies in the first degree.” Despite Gates’s denials, the judge ruled that Microsoft had committed monopolization and tying, blocking competition, in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
Appearance in ads
Gates decided in 2008, to appear in at least one commercial in a series of ads to promote Microsoft. This commercial, co-starring Jerry Seinfeld, is a 90-second talk between strangers as Seinfeld walks up on a discount shoe store (Shoe Circus) in a mall and notices Gates buying shoes inside. The salesman is trying to sell Mr. Gates shoes that are a size too big. As Gates is buying the shoes he holds up his discount card, which uses a slightly altered version of his own mugshot of his arrest in New Mexico in 1977 for a traffic violation. As they are walking out of the mall, Seinfeld asks Gates if he has melded his mind to other developers, after getting a yes, he then asks if they are working on a way to make computers edible, again getting a yes. Some say that this is an homage to Seinfeld’s own show about “nothing” (Seinfeld). In a second commercial in the series, Gates and Seinfeld are at the home of an average family trying to fit in with normal people.
Post-Microsoft
Since leaving Microsoft, Gates continues his philanthropy and, among other projects, purchased the videos rights to the Messenger Lectures series titled The Character of Physical Law, given at Cornell University by Richard Feynman in 1964 and recorded by the BBC. The videos are available online to the public at Microsoft’s Project Tuva.
Personal life
Bill and Melinda Gates, June 2009.
Gates married Melinda French from Dallas, Texas on January 1, 1994. They have three children. The Gates’ home is an earth-sheltered house in the side of a hill overlooking Lake Washington in Medina, Washington. According to King County public records, as of 2006 the total assessed value of the property (land and house) is 5 million, and the annual property tax is 1,000.
His 66,000 sq. ft. estate has a 60-foot swimming pool with an underwater music system, as well as a 2500 sq. ft. gym and a 1000 sq. ft. dining room.
Also among Gates’s private acquisitions is the Codex Leicester, a collection of writings by Leonardo da Vinci, which Gates bought for .8 million at an auction in 1994. Gates is also known as an avid reader, and the ceiling of his large home library is engraved with a quotation from The Great Gatsby. He also enjoys playing bridge, tennis, and golf.
Gates was number one on the “Forbes 400″ list from 1993 through to 2007 and number one on Forbes list of “The World’s Richest People” from 1995 to 2007 and 2009. In 1999, Gates’s wealth briefly surpassed 1 billion, causing the media to call him a “centibillionaire”. Since 2000, the nominal value of his Microsoft holdings has declined due to a fall in Microsoft’s stock price after the dot-com bubble burst and the multi-billion dollar donations he has made to his charitable foundations. In a May 2006 interview, Gates commented that he wished that he were not the richest man in the world because he disliked the attention it brought. Gates has several investments outside Microsoft, which in 2006 paid him a salary of 6,667, and 0,000 bonus totalling 6,667. He founded Corbis, a digital imaging company, in 1989. In 2004 he became a director of Berkshire Hathaway, the investment company headed by long-time friend Warren Buffett.
Philanthropy
Gates (second from right) with Bono, Queen Rania of Jordan, British Prime Minister Gordon Brown, President Yar Adua of Nigeria and other participants in a ‘Call to Action on the Millennium Development Goals’ during the Annual Meeting 2008 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland.
Further information: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Gates began to realize the expectations others had of him when public opinion mounted that he could give more of his wealth to charity. Gates studied the work of Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller and in 1994 sold some of his Microsoft stock to create the William H. Gates Foundation. In 2000, Gates and his wife combined three family foundations into one to create the charitable Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which is the largest transparently operated charitable foundation in the world. The foundation is set up to allow benefactors access to how its money is being spent, unlike other major charitable organizations such as the Wellcome Trust. The generosity and extensive philanthropy of David Rockefeller has been credited as a major influence. Gates and his father have met with Rockefeller several times and have modeled their giving in part on the Rockefeller family’s philanthropic focus, namely those global problems that are ignored by governments and other organizations. As of 2007, Bill and Melinda Gates were the second most generous philanthropists in America, having given over billion to charity.
The foundation has also received criticism because it invests the assets that it has not yet distributed with the exclusive goal of maximizing the return on investment. As a result, its investments include companies that have been criticized for worsening poverty in the same developing countries where the Foundation is attempting to relieve poverty. These include companies that pollute heavily and pharmaceutical companies that do not sell into the developing world. In response to press criticism, the foundation announced in 2007 a review of its investments to assess social responsibility. It subsequently cancelled the review and stood by its policy of investing for maximum return, while using voting rights to influence company practices.
Recognition
Time magazine named Gates one of the 100 people who most influenced the 20th century, as well as one of the 100 most influential people of 2004, 2005, and 2006. Time also collectively named Gates, his wife Melinda and rock band U2′s lead singer Bono as the 2005 Persons of the Year for their humanitarian efforts. In 2006, he was voted eighth in the list of “Heroes of our time”. Gates was listed in the Sunday Times power list in 1999, named CEO of the year by Chief Executive Officers magazine in 1994, ranked number one in the “Top 50 Cyber Elite” by Time in 1998, ranked number two in the Upside Elite 100 in 1999 and was included in The Guardian as one of the “Top 100 influential people in media” in 2001.
Gates has received honorary doctorates from Nyenrode Business Universiteit, Breukelen, The Netherlands, in 2000; the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden, in 2002; Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan, in 2005; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in April 2007; Harvard University in June 2007; the Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, in January 2008, and Cambridge University in June 2009. He was also made an honorary trustee of Peking University in 2007. Gates was also made an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) by Queen Elizabeth II in 2005, in addition to having entomologists name the Bill Gates flower fly, Eristalis gatesi, in his honor.
In November 2006, he and his wife were awarded the Order of the Aztec Eagle for their philanthropic work around the world in the areas of health and education, particularly in Mexico, and specifically in the program “Un pas de lectores”. In October 2009, it was announced that Gates will be awarded the 2010 Bower Award for Business Leadership of The Franklin Institute for his achievements in business and for his philanthropic work.
Investments
Cascade Investments LLC, a private investment and holding company, incorporated in United States, is controlled by Bill Gates, and is headquartered in the city of Kirkland, WA.
bgC3, a new think-tank company founded by Bill Gates.
Corbis, a digital image licensing and rights services company.
Bibliography
Gates has authored two books:
The Road Ahead (1995)
Business @ the Speed of Thought (1999)
Filmography
Gates has appeared in at least one film:
Waiting For Superman
Notes
^ a b “#1 William Gates III – The Forbes 400 Richest Americans 2009″. Forbes. 2009-09-30. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2009/54/rich-list-09_William-Gates-III_BH69.html. Retrieved 2009-10-02.
^ (Manes 1994, p. 11)
^ a b Chapman, Glenn (2008-06-27). “Bill Gates Signs Off”. Agence France-Presse. http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5i8aV1bK5vmwLaw9wYr9nY5bFc4YA.
^ Wahba, Phil (2008-09-17). “Bill Gates tops U.S. wealth list 15 years in a row”. Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUSN1748882920080917. Retrieved 2008-11-06.
^ Gates regularly documents his share ownership through public SEC form 4 filings.
^ (Manes 1994, p. 459)
^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 96)
^ Ancestry of Bill Gates
^ “Scottish Americans”. albawest.com. http://www.albawest.com/scottish-americans.html. Retrieved 2009-04-29.
^ (Manes 1994, p. 15)
^ (Manes 1994, p. 47)
^ (Manes 1994, p. 24)
^ (Manes 1994, p. 27)
^ a b (Gates 1996, p. 12)
^ (Manes 1994, p. 34)
^ (Gates 1996, p. 14)
^ “Congressional Page History”, The United States House Page Association of America. “The Page Program has produced many politicians, Members of Congress, as well as other famous men and women. Some of these include: the Honorable John Dingell, the longest serving Member of Congress, Bill Gates, founder and CEO of the Microsoft Corporation, and Donnald K. Anderson, former Clerk of the House.”
^ “The newnd improved?AT”. The Week Magazine. http://theweekmagazine.com/article.aspx?id=803. Retrieved 2006-05-23.
^ (Gates 1996, p. 15)
^ http://www.eskimo.com/~miyaguch/MCReport/mcreport.html
^ http://www.forbes.com/forbes/1997/1013/6008040a_2.html
^ Gates, William; Papadimitriou, Christos (1979). “Bounds for sorting by prefix reversal”. Discrete mathematics 27: 4757. doi:10.1016/0012-365X(79)90068-2.
^ a b (Gates 1996, p. 19)
^ (Wallace & 1993 59)
^ (Gates 1996, p. 18)
^ a b c (.DOC) Microsoft Visitor Center Student Information: Key Events in Microsoft History. Microsoft. http://download.microsoft.com/download/1/3/0/130dd86a-a196-4700-b577-521c4cf5cec1/key_events_in_microsoft_history.doc. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ a b c d “Microsoft history”. The History of Computing Project. http://www.thocp.net/companies/microsoft/microsoft_company.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ (Manes 1994, p. 81)
^ Gates, Bill. “Remarks by Bill Gates” Waterloo, Ontario (2005-10-13). Retrieved on 2008-03-31. (META redirects to )
^ Maiello, John Steele Gordon Michael (2002-12-23). “Pioneers Die Broke”. Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2002/1223/258_print.html. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ (Gates 1996, p. 54)
^ (Manes 1994, p. 193)
^ “May 16, 1991 internal strategies memo from Bill Gates”. Bralyn. http://www.bralyn.net/etext/literature/bill.gates/challenges-strategy.txt. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
^ Rensin, David (1994). “The Bill Gates Interview”. Playboy.
^ Ballmer, Steve (1997-10-09). “Steve Ballmer Speech Transcript Church Hill Club”. Microsoft. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/steve/churchillclub.mspx. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ a b Isaacson, Walter (1997-01-13). “The Gates Operating System”. Time. http://www.time.com/time/gates/gates5.html. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ Bank, David (1999-02-01). “Breaking Windows”. The Wall Street Journal. http://www.breakingwindows.net/1link3.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ a b Gates, Bill. “Remarks by Bill Gates” San Diego, California (1997-09-26). Retrieved on 2008-03-31.
^ Herbold, Robert (2004). The Fiefdom Syndrome: The Turf Battles That Undermine Careers and Companies – And How to Overcome Them.
^ “Microsoft Announces Plans for July 2008 Transition for Bill Gates”. Microsoft. 2006-06-15. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2006/jun06/06-15CorpNewsPR.mspx.
^ “Gates deposition makes judge laugh in court”. CNN. 1998-11-17. http://www.cnn.com/TECH/computing/9811/17/judgelaugh.ms.idg/index.html. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ “Microsoft’s Teflon Bill”. BusinessWeek. 1998-11-30. http://www.businessweek.com/1998/48/b3606125.htm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ a b Heilemann, John (2000-11-01). “The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Nothing But The Truth”. Wired 46 (8): 833. doi:10.1007/s11517-008-0355-6. PMID 18509686. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/microsoft_pr.html. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ The Smoking Gun mugshots
^ MSNBC adblog site
^ CNET Project Tuva
^ Softpedia
^ Forbes.com coverage of the Gates’ Medina, Washington estate
^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 74)
^ Paterson, Thane (2000-06-13). “Advice for Bill Gates: A Little Culture Wouldn’t Hurt”. Business Week. http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/june2000/nf00613b.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
^ “Bill Gates: Chairman”. Microsoft Corporation. 2008. http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/exec/billg/default.aspx?tab=biography.
^ “Profile: Bill Gates”. BBC news. 2004-01-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3428721.stm. Retrieved 2010-01-01.
^ (Fridson 2001, p. 113)
^ Bolger, Joe (2006-05-05). “I wish I was not the richest man in the world, says Bill Gates”. London: The Times. http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/markets/united_states/article713434.ece. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ “Microsoft 2006 Proxy Statement”. Microsoft. 2007-10-06. http://www.microsoft.com/msft/reports/proxy2006.mspx. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
^ Fried, Ina (2004-12-14). “Gates joins board of Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway”. CNET. http://www.news.com/Gates-joins-board-of-Buffetts-Berkshire-Hathaway/2100-1014_3-5491312.html. Retrieved 2008-03-31.
^ “Flat-pack accounting”. The Economist. 2006-05-11. http://www.economist.com/business/displaystory.cfm?story_id=6919139. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
^ Cronin, Jon (2005-01-25). “Bill Gates: billionaire philanthropist”. BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/3913581.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
^ “Our Approach to Giving”. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. http://www.gatesfoundation.org/AboutUs/OurWork/OurApproach/. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
^ (PDF) 2005 Annual Report. Rockefeller Brothers Fund. 2006-01-01. http://www.rbf.org/usr_doc/2005_Annual_Review.pdf. Retrieved 2008-02-14.
^ The 50 most generous Americans.
^ Dark cloud over good works of Gates Foundation, Los Angeles Times, January 7, 2006.
^ Gates Foundation to review investments, The Seattle Times, January 10, 2007.
^ Gates Foundation to maintain its investment plan, The Austin Statesman, January 14, 2007.
^ (Lesinski 2006, p. 102)
^ Cowley, Jason (2006-06-22). “Heroes of our time the top 50″. New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/200605220016. Retrieved 2008-02-17.
^ “Gates ‘second only to Blair’”. BBC News. 1999-09-26. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/457951.stm. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ Nyenrode Business Universiteit (2003-08-13). “Eredoctoraat Universiteit Nyenrode voor Wim Kok” (in Dutch). Press release. http://www.nyenrode.nl/news/news_full.cfm?publication_id=599. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ http://news.tsinghua.edu.cn/eng__news.php?id=1370
^ Hughes, Gina (2007-06-08). “Bill Gates Gets Degree After 30 Years”. Yahoo!. http://tech.yahoo.com/blog/hughes/13653. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ Svrd, Madeleine (2008-01-24). “Bill Gates honored with a doctor’s cap”. Karolinska Institutet. http://ki.se/ki/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=130&a=47838&l=en&newsdep=130. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ University of Cambridge (2009-06-12). “The Chancellor in Cambridge to confer Honorary Degrees”. University of Cambridge. http://www.admin.cam.ac.uk/news/dp/2009061204. Retrieved 2009-08-20.
^ http://business.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/technology/article2098235.ece
^ “Knighthood for Microsoft’s Gates”. BBC News. 2005-03-02. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/3428673.stm. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ Thompson, F. Christian (1999-08-19). “Bill Gates’ Flower Fly Eristalis gatesi Thompson”. The Diptera Site. http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/Diptera/syrphid/gates.htm. Retrieved 2008-02-18.
^ “Proclamation of the Award”. Diario Oficial de la Federacin. http://diariooficial.segob.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=4936346. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
^ Bill Gates Goes to Sundance, Offers an Education, ABC News, January 23, 2010
See also
List of billionaires (also see List of college dropout billionaires and List of wealthiest non-inflated historical figures)
Paul Allen – Microsoft’s co-founder, friend, and fellow billionaire
Gary Kildall – The man who could have been Bill Gates
References
^ http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/04_43/b3905109_mz063.htm
Books
Fridson, Martin (2001). How to be a Billionaire: Proven Strategies from the Titans of Wealth. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0471416177.
Gates, Bill (1996). The Road Ahead. Penguin Books. ISBN 0140260404.
Lesinski, Jeanne M. (2006). Bill Gates (Biography (a & E)). A&E Television Networks. ISBN 0822570270.
Manes, Stephen (1994). Gates: How Microsoft’s Mogul Reinvented an Industry and Made Himself The Richest Man in America. Touchstone Pictures. ISBN 0671880748.
Wallace, James (1993). Hard Drive: Bill Gates and the Making of the Microsoft Empire. New York: HarperCollins Publishers.
Further reading
“The Meaning of Bill Gates: As his reign at Microsoft comes to an end, so does the era he dominated”, The Economist, June 28, 2008.
External links
Find more about Bill Gates on Wikipedia’s sister projects:
Definitions from Wiktionary
Textbooks from Wikibooks
Quotations from Wikiquote
Source texts from Wikisource
Images and media from Commons
News stories from Wikinews
Learning resources from Wikiversity
The Official Site of Bill Gates – The Gates Notes
Biography of Bill Gates at Microsoft.com
Bill Gates on Twitter
Forbes: World’s Richest People
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
How I Work: Bill Gates
TED Talks: Bill Gates trying to change the world now at TED in 2009
Creativity devoted to Bill Gates and his achievements
Honorary titles
Preceded by
Warren Buffett
World’s Richest Person
19962007
Succeeded by
Warren Buffett
Preceded by
Warren Buffett
World’s Richest Person
2009
Succeeded by
Incumbent
v d e
Executive officers of Microsoft Corporation
Board Chairman
Bill Gates
Chief Officers
CEO Steve Ballmer CFO Peter Klein CRSO Craig Mundie CSA Ray Ozzie COO Kevin Turner
Presidents
Robert J. Bach Stephen Elop Steven Sinofsky Qi Lu Bob Muglia
Senior Vice-
Presidents
Lisa Brummel Jean-Philippe Courtois Jon DeVaan Kurt DelBene Antoine Leblond Mich Mathews Don A. Mattrick Yusuf Mehdi Satya Nadella Richard Rashid Eric Rudder Brad Smith Sivaramakrishnan Somasegar David Vaskevitch Henry P. Vigil Robert Youngjohns
v d e
Time Persons of the Year
Rudolph Giuliani (2001) The Whistleblowers: Cynthia Cooper / Coleen Rowley / Sherron Watkins (2002) The American Soldier (2003) George W. Bush (2004) The Good Samaritans: Bono / Bill Gates / Melinda Gates (2005) You (2006) Vladimir Putin (2007) Barack Obama (2008) Ben Bernanke (2009)
Complete roster 19271950 19511975 19762000 20012009
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Berkshire Hathaway
Corporate directors
Warren Buffett (Chairman and CEO) Charlie Munger Howard Graham Buffett Susan Decker Bill Gates David Gottesman Charlotte Guyman Donald Keough Thomas S. Murphy Ronald Olson Walter Scott, Jr.
Insurance
Applied Underwriters Inc. Berkshire Hathaway Assurance Central States Indemnity Company GEICO General Re Kansas Bankers Surety Company Medical Protective National Indemnity Company United States Liability Insurance Group Wesco Financial Swiss Re
Materials and Construction
Acme Brick Benjamin Moore & Co. Clayton Homes IMC Group (Iscar) Johns-Manville MiTek Precision Steel Warehouse, Inc. Shaw Industries
Furniture
CORT Business Services Jordan’s Furniture Larson-Juhl Nebraska Furniture Mart RC Willey Home Furnishings Star Furniture
Apparel
Fruit of the Loom Russell Garanimals Fechheimer Brothers Acme Boots H.H. Brown Shoe Group Justin Brands
Transportation
BNSF Railway NetJets NetJets Europe FlightSafety International Forest River McLane Company XTRA Lease
Food
Dairy Queen Orange Julius The Pampered Chef See’s Candies
Other
Ben Bridge Jeweler Blue Chip Stamps Borsheim’s Fine Jewelry The Buffalo News Business Wire CTB International Kirby Company MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company Mouser Electronics World Book Encyclopedia
Annual Meetings
May 1, 2010 and April 30, 2011
Annual Revenue: S8.249 billion Employees: 233,000 Stock Symbol: NYSE: BRKA, NYSE: BRKB Web site: www.berkshirehathaway.com
Persondata
NAME
Gates, William Henry, III
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
Gates, Bill
SHORT DESCRIPTION
Business entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH
October 28, 1955
PLACE OF BIRTH
Seattle, Washington
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
Categories: Berkshire Hathaway | American agnostics | American billionaires | American chief executives | American computer programmers | American philanthropists | American technology writers | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation people | Bill Gates | Businesspeople in software | Harvard University people | Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire | Members of the United States National Academy of Engineering | Microsoft employees | Microsoft history | National Medal of Technology recipients | People from Seattle, Washington | People from King County, Washington | Time magazine Persons of the Year | Windows people | Fellows of the British Computer Society | Scottish Americans | 1955 births | Living peopleHidden categories: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected biographies of living people | Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages | Articles with hCards
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